While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

* The Azores is a group of islands about 870 miles off the coast of Portugal.
* Historians have long believed that in the fifteenth century Portuguese mariners were the first humans to populate the Azores.
* A 2015 study coauthored by Sofia Gabriel and Maria da Luz Mathias found that Vikings from Scandinavia may have populated the Azores as early as the ninth century.
* The researchers found a genetic connection between house mice in the Azores and house mice in Scandinavia.
* House mice may have traveled from Scandinavia to the Azores on Viking ships.

The student wants to specify who may have first populated the Azores, according to the 2015 study. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?