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Definition

Acetyl CoA

A compound formed by the combination of acetate with the coenzyme A acetate is formed from pyruvic acid 

Definition

Adenine

A double-ringed nitrogenous base; found in nucleic acids, ATP, NAD etc.

Definition

ADP

Adenosine Diphosphate; Formed of an Adenine, a Ribose, and two phosphate groups 

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Definition

Aerobic Respiration

The complete oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen

Definition

Alcoholic Fermentation

The anaerobic respiration in which the pyruvic acid is further broken into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol

Definition

AMP

Adenosine Monophosphate: Formed of an Adenine, a Ribose, and one phosphate group 

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Definition

Anabolism

The chemical reactions in living organisms involved in the synthesis of compounds 

Definition

Anaerobic Respiration

The incomplete oxidation of glucose in the absence of oxygen

Definition

ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate; The energy currency for cells; Formed of Adenine, Ribose, and phosphate groups 

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Definition

Autotrophic

Organisms are able to synthesize their own food requirements to simple from simple organic material 

Definition

Bioenergetics

The study of energy relationships and energy transformations (conversions) in living organisms 

Definition

Calvin Cycle

The Dark Reaction; The cyclic reactions in which carbon dioxide is fixed to form carbohydrates, using the energy of ATP and Hydrogen of NADPH 

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Definition

Chlorophyll

The green pigments found in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic eukaryotes and the cytoplasm of photosynthetic prokaryotes 

Definition

Coenzyme-A

is a coenzyme that plays its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. 

Definition

Electron Transport Chain

A series in which electrons are taken up by electron carriers and they lose energy, which is used to synthesize ATP molecules 

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Definition

FAD

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide; A coenzyme in the Krebs cycle 

Definition

Glycolysis

A step in aerobic and anaerobic respiration in which glucose molecule is broken to yield two molecules of pyruvic acid 

Definition

Krebs Cycle

The cyclic reactions in aerobic respiration in which the pyruvic acid is further oxidized 

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Definition

Lactic acid Fermentation

The anaerobic respiration in which the pyruvic acid is reduced into lactic acid 

Definition

Light Reactions

The reactions of the first phase of photosynthesis in which light energy is captured and is used to make high energy molecules of ATP and NADPH 

Definition

Limiting Factor

The environmental factor the absence or deficiency of which can decrease the rate of a metabolic reaction

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Definition

Mesophyll

The leaf tissue specialized for photosynthesis 

Definition

NAD

Nicotine-amide Adenine 

Definition

Oxidation

The loss of electrons 

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Definition

Photolysis

Breakdown of water in the presence of light 

Definition

Photosynthesis

The synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight (and chlorophyll), with oxygen as a by-product 

Definition

Photosystem

The cluster of photosynthetic pigments in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts 

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Definition

Pigments

The substance is used as coloring. The primary function of pigments in plants is photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is the primary pigment in plants. 

Definition

Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH)

It is an organic acid, a ketone as well as the simplest of the alpha-keto acid.it supplies energy to living cells through the Krebs cycles 

Definition

Reduction

The gain of electrons 

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Definition

Respiration

Cellular respiration; The process in which the C-H bonds of food are broken by oxidation-reduction reactions, releasing energy, carbon dioxide, and water 

Definition

Stroma

The part of chloroplast: site of the reactions of Calvin cycle 

Definition

Thylakoid

The infoldings formed by the inner membrane of the chloroplast site of the light reactions of photosynthesis 

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Definition

Z-scheme

The flow chart showing the light reactions of photosynthesis 

Definition

Dark Reactions

Calvin Cycle 

Definition

Dinucleotide

A coenzyme used in oxidation-reduction reactions 

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Definition

Starch

A polymer formed of glucose subunits

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